What is family court?
How California family court works, who's in the courtroom, and what to expect as a self-represented litigant.
Last updated March 2026
What family court handles
Family court in California handles disputes between family members — primarily divorce, child custody and visitation, child support, spousal support, domestic violence restraining orders, and paternity. If you have a disagreement with the other parent about your children or finances, family court is where it gets resolved.
How family court is different
Family court is not like what you see on TV. There is no jury. A single judge makes all decisions. For anything involving children, the judge uses one standard: “the best interest of the child” under Family Code Section 3011. The proceedings are less formal than criminal court, but you are still expected to follow court rules and deadlines.
Who's in the courtroom
The judge (addressed as “Your Honor”), the clerk, the court reporter, and the bailiff. If custody is at issue, a mediator may be involved before the hearing. Both parties sit at the counsel tables — whether represented by attorneys or not.
You're not alone
Between 72% and 80% of people in California family court represent themselves. You are not the exception — you are the majority. Every courthouse has a Self-Help Center with staff who can help you understand forms and procedures. They cannot give legal advice, but they can answer procedural questions. There is also a Family Law Facilitator in every county.
Typical timeline
A Request for Order typically takes 4 to 8 weeks from filing to hearing. File your forms → get your hearing date → serve the other party at least 16 court days before the hearing → attend mediation if custody is involved → appear at the hearing.
Where to get help
Your local courthouse Self-Help Center is free and walk-in. The Family Law Facilitator is available in every county. Legal aid organizations provide free representation for qualifying income levels. The California Courts self-help website has step-by-step guides for every major filing type.
Related forms
FL-300 — Request for Order
FL-100 — Petition
FL-110 — Summons